Pabent packaging



March 8, 1932. GURWICK BAG AND MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 19, 1930 IN VEN TOR.

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BAG AND MANUFACTURE 6?. THE SAME Filed' June 19, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR. I mwvq Q11.

Patented Mar. 8, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE IRVING GURW'ICK, OF NEW YdBK, N. Y, ASSIGHOB, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO MS- PABEN'I! PACKAGING & PRINTING CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y A. OOB-PORA- TION OF NEW YORK me AND IAIUIAGIUBE or rm: sum

Application medium 18, 1 9 80. Serial Io. 488,189.

This invention relates to bags and their manufacture, and more partic arly to bags made of a thin, transparent, cellulose paper such as cellophane.

[10 for manufacturing the same is disclosed inmy Patent No. 1,714,265, granted May 21, 1929. This bag is satisfactory and economical but i suffers from the disadvantages, first, that it does not open to its full ,depth and" second, that it is apt to open along the lower edge if excessively or suddenly loaded. It has also been attempted to fold one layer of the bag up over the other to strengthen the bottom edge thereof, but this has not proven very successful because thin, transparent, cellulose paper such as cellophane, when sharply creased, is made brittle and weakened, and consequently is aptto crack, particularly in dry or cold weather.

The primary object of the present invention is to overcome the foregoing difiiculties, and this I have found may readily be accomplished by altering a bag such as is disclosed in my aforesaid patent by folding the cemented double thickness bottom edge of the bag and cementing the same to one face of the bag. The resulting construction is strong and yet cannot be given so sharp a knife-edge crease as will injuriously affect the material of the ag. e I

Another object of my invention resides in the provision of a method for manufacturing such an improved bag which will retain the various advantages of the manufacturing method set forth in my aforesaid patent, and which will permit the manufacture of the improved bag with but'slight, if any, additional expense. ,To this end, the bags are made from a pair of continuously moving webs of paper. Strips of cement in the form of the periphcries of bags, extending transversely of the web, are applied to one of the webs, and the two webs are then-brought into contact and cemented together. A longitudinal strip of cement is applied to an outer face of the pair of webs and a double thickness edge of the web is folded over against one face of the webs, after which the webs are cut translversely to form the side edges of individual ags.

Webs of transparent paper such as are here dealt with frequently weave due to non -uni form stretching, and this is apt to cause irregularities in the matching together of the two webs. When the bags are to be provided with flaps it is merely necessary to make one of the webs wider than the other, and any such irregularity merely results in a slight difference in the size of the flap, which is of little consequence. At the other side of the web, however, an irregularity may lead to the exposure or escape of some of the cement, which gets upon the rollers and gums up the operation of the machine. For this reason, and with the further object of speeding up the manufacture of the bags, the preferred method set forth in my aforesaid patent included the application of strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web. After the two webs are cemented together, they are longitudinally slit at their center, thus forming two webs which may subsequently be tranversely cut to obtain the individual bags. In accordance with further features and objects of the present invention, this duplex manufacturing method is applied to the manufacture of my improved bag, and to this end it is merely necessary to modify the method set forth in my patent by applying longitudinal strips of cement near the middle of the webs, preferably before slitting the same, and folding the double thickness inner edges of each of the resulting webs before transversely cutting the same to obtain the individual bags. 1 The improved bag so far described is superior to my prior bag in being strengthened along the bottom edge thereof. However, for

extremely rough usage even the improved bag may prove unsatisfactory because it may be opened up along the side edges thereof, particularly near the top of the bag if the bag is suddenly opened. Also the bag cannot be opened to its full width. A still further object of the present invention resides in the 'provision of a still further improved and particularly strong bag which will not be subject to opening or ripping at the u r corners and side edges thereof, and w ich ma be opened to its full width. I provide sue a ba b folding over and cementing each of the ouble thickness side ed es of the bag to a face of the bag. If the a is rovided with a flap, the fla is preferabl y f0 ded over with the double thickness'edge in order to avoid having the ends of the flap die-cut, which I have found greatly weakens the corner of the bag and ermits a downward rip to begin when the ag is o ened. On the other hand, the folded over e ge is preferably not cemented at the flap in order to make it possible to 0 en the bag to its full width.

Another 0 ject 'of t e present invention resides in the provision of a method for manufacturing the type of be last set forth. For this purpose, the metho previously outlined is retained, and the indlvidual bags, after being cut from the traveling webs, are moved in a direction preferably transverse to the directionof movement of the webs, and stri s of cement are applied to the side edges of t e bags, after which the double thickness side edges of each bag are folded over onto a face of the bag. The folding is preferably accomplished y moving the bags contmuously through appropriately shaped formers, and the bags are therefore preferably moved bottom ed e foremost. This necessitates that the bags 0% each pair be 'moved in opposite directions, and this isaccomplished in a manner subsequently described.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and such other objects as will hereinafter appear, myinvention consists in the method steps for making the same and their relation one to the other as hereinafter are more particularly described in the specification and sought to be defined in the claims. The bag is not claimed herein, being claimed in my divisional application, Ser. No. 541 975, filed June 4, 1931. The present specification is accompanied by drawings in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 are, respectively, elevational and plan views showing schematically the method of myrinvention;

Fig. 3 is a detail of the cement applying apparatus;

a Fig. 4 is a detail of the folder or former; I

view of the result- Referring to Fig. 1, a web of pa er 2, which may be a thln, transparent, ce ulose paper such as the roduct commercially own as cellophane, 1s taken from a roll 4 and passed through cementing mechanism 6. This mechanism comprises a glue fountain 8 from which glue is transferred by a series (I); distributing rollers 10 to a glue cylinder The glue cylinder 12 is best shown in Fi 3 in which it will be observed that the cy inder is provided with longitudinal elements 14 and circumferential elements 16 for applying the glue or cement to the web. This construction results in the application of strips of cement in the manner shown in Fig. 3,

these strips of cement being in the form of the perip eries of pairs of bags 18 arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web, as shown. The pressure of the glue cylinder 12 against the web may be determined by a pressure roller 20, shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

Another web 22 of' aper is unreeled from a roll 24 and brought y means of guide and feed rollers 26 and 28 111130 contact with the Web 2, and is cemented thereto along the peripheries of the bags originally outlined by the glue cylinder 12.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the upper face of the webs of paper has applied thereto longitudinal strips of cement 30 by a glue wheel 32. This is .fed with cement from a glue fountain or reservoir 34 by means of distributing rollers 36.

The webs of material are next slit or parted at the center line thereof by a slitter 38 which may be a fixed blade, or, more preferably, a rotatable knife, as illustrated. The inner edges of the resultin two webs of material are then parted and olded over against the upper face of the webs by the folder or former 40. The construction and operation of the folder 40 is self-evident from the drawings, particularly Fig. 4 thereof showing the former in perspective. The Webs next pass between a lower feed roller 42 and upper pressure rollers 44 and 46. The central pressure roller 46 serves to press the folded inner edges of the webs against the face thereof in order to securely cement the same together. It will be understood that the folded. edges were previously cemented, and are of double thickness, thereby preventing a sharp knifeedge crease which might weaken thetransparent cellulose material employed.

The webs are then fed past cutting means,

shear is characterized by the fact that the upper and lower knives 48 and 50 are doweled to move together, and move with the webs at the time of cutting of the same, so that the vided with a flap 54. This is accomplis ed in an exceedingly simple manner by making the lower web 22 wider than the upper web 2 by an amount equal to twice the desired width of flap. The webs are then brought into contact in symmetrical relation, thereby providing a marginal projection at each side, as is clearly evident in Fig. 2, which subseguently acts as the flaps of the individual ags.

Paper webs tend to weave. This is particularly true when dealing with a transparent, cellulose paper such as cellophane which is capable of considerable stretch and which,

when the stretch is not uniform, weaves badly. 1 Changes in temperature and humidity conditions may aggravate this condition. A number of precautions must therefore be taken which are next to be-outlined.

In the first place it should be noted that the cement strips formin theoutlines of the individual bags are app ied entirely to one of the webs of paper. Superficially considered, it might seem desirable to apply the transverse strips to one of the webs, and the longitudinal strips to the other of the webs, but such an arrangement should be avoided because weaving of one web relatively to the other will cause a distortion in the cemented outline of the bags.

In the operation of apparatus of the type here shown, it is essential that no cement escape from between layers of the paper, and reach the various feed and pressure rolls and the like, for otherwise the machine will be gummed up and will tear the webs of paper, and the entire operation must be stopped until the machine can be cleaned and brought into running condition. For this reason. the

transverse strips of cement are stopped about an eighth of an inch in from the edge of the web, as is indicated by the space 56 in Figs. 2 and 3. If the bags are to be provided with flaps so that one web is wider than the other, the strips of cement are preferably applied to the narrow, rather than the wide web. This is so because should the narrow web weave sufficiently to bring the strips of cement up to the edge of the web, this fact is readily observed by the attendant, and precautionary measures may be taken. If, on the other hand, the cement isapplied to the wider web, the transverse strips terminate considerable distance from the edges thereof, and the web may weave sufliciently to bring the end of the strips of cement beyond the edge of the upper web when the webs are finally brought together, without this change bein observable to the attendant until after the ama-gehasbeen done.

It is to revent "ng up of the machine that it is pre erable to employ double stri s of cement in the manner illustrated in igs. 2. and 3. While it is possible to employ a single wide strip of cement inplace of the double stri shown, and to (Hit the web at the center 0 the strip of cement, it is somewhat referable to leave an uncemented space in w ich the cutting'mechanism operates. In this connection, it may incidentally be noticed that the glue wheel 32 has its periphery notched or interrupted, as at 33, in order to interrupt the longltudinal strips of cement 30 at the point of operation of the rotary shear 48, 50.

The bag shown in Fig. 5 possesses the advantage of having its bottom edge, which is subjected to the greatest stress when the bag is suddenly or excessively filled or loaded, greatly strengthened to prevent the same from opening. While it is strengthened by folding the material of the bag, this is not accompanied by weakening or cracking of the material at the fold, because a double thickness of material is folded, and this prevents the crease from being made excessively sharp. At the same time, all of the advantages of the bag making method disclosed in my earlier Patent No. 1,714,265, such as simplicity of apparatus, continuity and rapidity of operation, and the duplex nature of the operation, together with the advantage that upon weaving of the webs, resulting inaccuracies occur almost entirely in the flaps of the bags where they are of no consequence, are all retained. The apparatus set forth in said patent has been complicated only by the zgdition of the glue wheel 32 and the folder The bag shown in Fig. 5 may be still further improved and strengthened to withstand extremely rough usage by folding the side edges thereof over upon a face of the bag, as is illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings. One manner in which this may be accomplished is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 which are a continuation of Figs. 1 and 2, the webs 2 and 22 passing through the folder 40, the feed and pressure rollers 42 and 44, and the rotary shear48, 50, just as was described in con nection with Figs. 1 and 2. The individual bags are then moved in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the webs, that is, they are moved in a direction parallel to the side edges thereof in order to permit the same to be folded over' against the face of the bags. However, it is preferable that the bags be moved bottom edge foremost, because if mo'vedin the other direction the paper is apt to wrinkle in passing through the formers. It is evident from aninspection of Fig. 7 that to move the bags A and B each bottom edge foremost necessitates that they be moved in opposite directions.

To ermit this, the series of bags A are -broug t to a different elevation than the series of bags B, so that each will be clear of the other during the desired transverse movement thereof. The bags, upon leaving the rotary shear 48, 50, are received b sets of lower and upper carrier tapes, indicated by broken lines in Fig. 6. Only the lower carrier tapes are indicated in Fig. 7.

The A bags are transferred by lower carrier tapes 60 and upper carrier tapes 62 which are themselves supported upon and motivated by appropriate idler and feed wheels indicated in the drawings. This causes the A bags to be elevated to the point A. The B bags are transferred by lower and upper carrier tapes 64 and 66, which are guided and motivated by appropriate feed and idler wheels, as is indicated on the drawings. The B bags are thereby transferred to the depressed position B'.

The A bags being elevated, the apparatus therefor is most clearly evident in the plan view given in Fig. 7. Transversely moving carrier chains or tapes 70 are provided, and these carry at frequent and appropriately spaced intervals the gripper fingers 72. When the A be reach the point A, the folded bottom e ge thereof is seized by the gripper fingers 72, and the bag is thereby pulled in a transverse direction bottom edge foremost. Cement is applied to the side edges thereof by cement wheels 74. The associated glue fountain and distributor rollers have been omitted from the drawings for the sake of simplicity, but it will be obvious that these may be constructed like those indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The glue wheels 74 are preferably notched or interrupted at 76, as is illustrated in detail in Fig. 9, in order to avoid placing cement on the flap of the bag.

The bag is next drawn through the folder 78 which folds the cemented double thickness side edges over against a face of the bag. The

folded edge may be creased by pressure rollers 80, but cannot be given a knife-edge crease because of the double thickness of the mate- .50

. .strips of cement applied to-the side edges thereof by glue wheels 86 receiving cement from a glue fountain 88 through appropriate distributor wheels 90. This cement applying' mechanism is visible in Fig. 6,'but not in Fig. 7. The bags are next drawn through folders 92 and finally past pressure rollers 94, as shown by the bag B. The glue wheels 8, and this bag is evidently exceedingly strong'because it has been cemented along the side and bottom edges and thereafter folded and again cemented along these edges. The folds in each case are of double thickness material and therefore not sufliciently sharp to injure or weaken the paper. The bag may be opened to its full width and to its full depth. The flap 54 is itself provided with a folded edge, but this is not cemented and therefore does not interfere with full opening of the bag. While it is possible to diecut the corners of the flaps when the bags are first being cut from the webs, so as to avoid the folded edge of the flap, I prefer to employ the present construction because bag and permits a rip to readily start which,

because of the nature of the transparent, cellulose material employed, may then readily run down the length of the bag. With the present construction, the corner of the flap,

instead of being weakened is actually strengthened, and it is exceedingly diflicult to tear the bag either by opening the same in a sudden or careless manner, or by excessively loading the same.

It will be understood that for special purposes it may bedesirable in some cases to employ a bag in which only the bottom is folded, as is indicated in Fig. 5, or in other cases to employ a bag in which the bottom is not folded and only the side edges are folded, by the method illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, but that the best and strongest bag is that illustrated in Fig. 8 employing both bottom and side folds.

The construction of my improved bag, and the method of making the same, as well as the many advantages of both the bag and the method will, it is believed, be apparent from the foregoing description. The bags may be made continuously, rapidly, and economically. Difiiculties due to weaving of the material are effectively avoided. The, resulting bag is reinforced by being doubly cemented and folded, and weakening of the bag by Sharp creasing is prevented. Instead of the duplex method illustrated, producing the A and B series of bags, a simplex method may be employed in which only one series of bags is produced, and in such case the necessity for the carrier tape mechanism, which brings the A and B series of bags to different altitudes, is dispensed with. However, I pre fer the duplex method here .disclosed, not only because of the increased output of the machine, but also because a more accurate series of bags may be produced inasmuch as with the duplex method here disclosed all irregularities due to changes in the width of the webs and due to weaving of the same are brought to the open edge and flap of the bag where they are of little consequence and furermore cannot expose strips of cement which might gum up the apparatus.

It will be apparent that while I have shown and described my invention in the preferred form, many changes and modifications may be made in the bag and bag making method disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention, defined in the following clalms.

I claim: I v 1. In the'manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes applying to a web of paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of bags extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with andcementing it to another web of paper, applying a longitudinal strip of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs, folding a cemented double thickness edge of the webs over against one face of the webs, and thereafter cutting the resulting webs transversely to form individual bags.

2. In the manufacture of thin, transparent, cellulose paper bags, the method which includes continuously applying to a single web of the paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of bags extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper which is wider than the first web to provide flaps for the bags, applying a longitudinal strip of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs, folding a cemented double thickness edge of the webs over against one face of the webs, and thereafter cutting the resulting webs transversely to form the side edges of individual bags.

3. In the manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes applying to a web of paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web, bringing the web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, longitudinally cementing and slitting the webs at a the middle thereof, folding the cemented double thickness inner edges of each of the resulting webs over against a face of the webs, and thereafter cutting the resulting Webs transversely to form individual bags.

4. In the manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes continuously applying to a single web of the paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, applying longitudinal strips of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs near the middle thereof, slitting the webs atthe middle thereof, foldin the cemented double thickness inner edges 0 each of the resulting webs over against a face of the webs, and thereafter cutting the resulting webs transversely to form the side edges of individual bags.

5. In the manufacture of cellophane bags, the method which includes continuously applying to a single web of cellophane, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with and cementing it to another web of cellophane which is wider than the first web to provide flaps for the bags, applying longitudinal strips of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs near the middle thereof, slitting the webs at the middle thereof, folding the cemented double I thickness inner edges of each of the resulting webs over against a face of the webs, and

thereafter cutting the resulting webs transversely to form the side edges of individual bags.

6. In the manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes applying to a web of paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of bags extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, cutting the resulting webs transversely to form individual bags, applying strips of cement to the side edges of the bags, and folding the cemented double thickness aide edges of each bag over onto a face of the 7. In the manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes applying to a'web of paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of bags extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, applying a longitudinal strip of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs, folding a cemented double thickness edge of the webs over against one face of the webs, cutting the resulting webs transversely to form individual bags, applying strips of cement to the side edges of the bags, and folding the cemented double thickness side edges of each bag over onto a face of the bag.

8. In the manufacture of thin, transparent, cellulose paper bags, the method which includes continuously applying to a single web of the paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of bags extending transversely of the web, bringing the said web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper which is wider than the first web to provide flaps for the bags, applying a longitudinal strip of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs, folding a cemented double thickness edge of the webs over against one face of the webs, cutting the resulting yvebs transversely to form individual bags, moving the resulting bags bottom edge foremost in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the webs, appl 'ng stri s of cement to the side ed es of the ags, an folding the 5 cemented dou 1e thickness side edges of each bag over onto a face of the bag.

9. In the manufacture of paper bags, the

method which includes applying to a web of 7 paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web, bringing the web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, cutting the resulting webs transversely to form individual bags, applying strips of cement to the side edges of the bags, and folding the cemented double thickness side edges of each bag over onto a face of the bag.

10. In the manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes applymg to a web of paper, strips of cement in the form of the peripheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extending transversely of the web, bringing the web into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, longitudinally cementing and slitting the webs at the middle thereof, folding the cemented double thickness inner edges of each of the resulting webs over against a face of the webs, cutting the resulting webs transversely to form individual bags, applying strips of cement to the side edges of the bags, and folding the cemented double thickness side edges of each bag over onto a face of the bag.

11. In the manufacture of paper bags, the method which includes continuously applying to a single web of the paper, strips of cement in the form of the perlpheries of pairs of bags arranged bottom to bottom and extendin transversely of the web, bringing the said we into contact with and cementing it to another web of paper, applying longitudinal strips of cement to an outer face of the cemented webs near the middle thereof, slitting .the webs at the middle thereof, folding the cemented double thicknessinner edges of each of the resulting webs over against a face of the webs, cutting theresulting webs transversely to form individual bags, moving the resulting bags transversely of the direction of movement of the web, applying strips of cement to the side edges of the bags, and folding the cemented double thickness side edges of each bag over onto a face of the bag.

to an outer face 0 the cemented webs near the middle thereof, slitting the webs at the plying strips of cement to the side ed es of the bags, and'folding the cemented thickness side edges of each bag over onto a face of the bag.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 17th day of June, A. D. 1930.

IRVING GURWICK.

ouble 12. In the manufacture of cellophane bags, 

